Magical Realism: History and Theory :: Realist Latin American Literature Essays

Magical Realism History and TheoryMagical Realism to me is the worlds sketch of literature and subterfuge combined. It has a vast amount of characteristics that most, if not all, Magical realist fiction shares. Magical Realism has a lot of content to be study in order to fully understand it.The term magical realism was first introduced by Franz Roh in 1925. He was a German art tyro who started the idea of magical realism when he saw a new direction in painting. He used the term to characterize his paintings. Franz Roh states, We look on it with new eyes(17). To me, this statement is saying that we look on the world with a different approach.There is magical realism in everything we do. Literature and art are two master(prenominal) topics magical realism occurs in often. If studied thoroughly, we realize that there is magical realism in our lives everyday.Many articles have the main definition of magical realism stated in them. These articles are by Franz Roh, Angel Flores, Luis Leal, Amaryll Chanady, and Scott Simpkins. Most of the information in these articles is repetition from the articles however, they still include grand information and feedback about each authors visual modalitys on the term.One of my favorite texts that we read was the article by Luis Leal. Leal which states, that magical realism is to express emotions, not to wind up them(121). Leal disagrees with many authors. Leal says that he does not believe magical realism was started by Borges in 1935(120).There are many added characteristics of magical realism. nearly of these characteristics are to express emotions, do not use dream motifs, innocence has no logical or physiological explanation, and feelings are unexplainable. Magical Realism differs from illusion because it is set in a normal world with descriptions of humans and society. Luis Leal states, Strange how people are under the impression that making a furrow is exactly the equivalent as making bed, that to shake hands is always the same as shaking hands, that opening a can of sardines is to open the same can of sardines(121). Everything is an exception.In Franz Rohs discusses many characteristics of magical realism in paintings.. Both kinds of miniaturist paintings, the one that reconciles is to the world and the one that tries to horrify us(qtd.in Roh 29). The way I view the world through art is a big characteristic to magical realism myself.

The Influence of Greek Thought on Modern Science and Mathematics Essay

The Influence of Greek Thought on Modern Science and MathematicsPar onlyels can be drawn from Greek thought and compared to todays modern world views. This comparison also brings forth the influences of the Greek philosophies to the worlds contemporary aspects. more(prenominal) specifically, mathematics and science elicit the relationships of the ancient Greek beliefs and the existing theories and truths.Mathematics, as it relates to the Greek era and the present time, had created and still creates a very new betterment to the thoughts of the mechanics of nature. For instance, Pythagoras, the Greek mathematician and philosopher, believed the physical world would be explained by numbers. He used his speculation of numbers and applied them to the phenomena of harmony. Using the strings of a lyre, Pythagoras explained his theory through his application of mathematical ratios for the principles of musical intervals. He also believed that there was a perfect number, 3, defines Harmony and the All, while the virtue of a number is 10, for it perfects and realizes all things . . . ...

William Faulkners A Rose for Emily Essay -- Faulkner Rose Emily Essay

William Faulkners A Rose for Emily I. Implied author of the storyA Rose for Emily, a story of horror first published in 1930, is considered by many a(prenominal) scholars one of the most authentic and the best narratives eer written by William Faulkner. It is a story of a woman, Emily Grierson, and her relationships with her father, the man she was in love with and the community of Jefferson, the town she lived in.While discussing any narrative text it is crucial to mention the implied author of a text. As Wayne C. Booth, the most famous partner of the Chicago School believed, it is possible and acceptable to interpret and criticize the narrative worlds of literary works without stepping beyond the limits of the text and falling victim to a false belief , without confusing the narrator with the implied author. Even though the plot or characters may be clearly described in literary works, only by indication can their intended nature be determined and the concept of an implied aut hor is the one to bring together both description and variation. There ar many variations of the concept of an implied author, however most of them usually come down to two suggestions first, that the implied author is a nexus of values and norms in the textual world and second, that he selects and orders the elements of narrative texts . Thus, it may be said that through the mentioned selection (of, for example, the narrator, the title, the symbols or the language of events) and ordering the implied author passes on the learning which the implied reader needs for the interpretation of the text. In this way, every literary text, as in this case A Rose for Emily, becomes a form of communication between the writer and the reader. The aforementioned information may be passed in various ways, two of them being the structure of the narrative text and its title. The title of A Rose for Emily is ambiguous. As there are no roses in the story, it may be safely assumed that the title is pu rely symbolic, however the meaning of this particular symbol remains unclear for readers. The backchat rose brings to mind a flower of a deep red colour, beautiful, but always surrounded by thorns. Red colour may comprise love and passion, but it is also the colour of hate and revenge. Therefore, the rose may be the symbol of Emilys feelings, her passion towards Homer, her desperat... ...follow in her future life. Trying urgently to keep Homer by her side, she turned to the only effective method she could think of, murder.Unable to let go of the past, Emily could not accept any changes in her life and disregarded them with pride and confidence. For some people her defiance was the reason why they admired her, for others the reason to pity the fallen monument. Eventually, Miss Emilys unshakeable insistence to live her life solely on her own terms, led to tragic consequences. Tragic, not only for Homer Barron, but for Miss Griersons headland as well. To sum up, it need to be concl uded that A Rose for Emily belongs to those fascinating narrative works, which offer the readers detailed studies of characters without providing them with all the necessary information in a too easy way. It is the readers task to discover subtle relations within the story, to link together certain circumstances and to create one, vivid go out of a woman and the society she lives in. In this way, A Rose for Emily indisputably becomes an exquisite feast for the mind, without any doubt deserving to be considered the best of the short stories ever written by William Faulkner.

Precision Guided Munitions :: Weapons Guns Gun Essays Reseach Papers

Precision Guided Munitions During the Persian Gulf War of 1991 a sweet class of weapons made its debut and presaged a revolution in armed forces affairs. Although precision-guided munitions (PGMs), ranging from laser-guided bombs to Tomahawk cruise missiles, represented only a fraction of the total mandate used in Iraq, the effect they had was electric. The television footage of a bomb dropped from more than 6 miles above descending onto its chump and hitting with absolute precision was at once fascinating and jarring. The Gulf War demonstrated the power that precision aerial attacks possessed. The accuracy and lethality of air launched munitions during the Gulf war was in sharp line to the relative crudity of aerial bombing during World War II. In Iraq and later in Kosovo, precision-guided munitions (PGM) demonstrated their capabilities. The US waged a type of warfargon in these campaigns that was markedly different from World War II, Korea, and Vietnam. The US is still coming to grips with the implications of the new type of warfare it has released. The development of accurate precision-guided munitions was not revolutionary, but an evolutionary process that took the course of half a century. Today most precision-guided munitions can be classified by their guidance or propulsion systems. Precision-guided munitions affect the military in three areas. First precision-guided munitions have challenged time-honored traditions of mass. Second, precision-guided munitions have unique information needs. Finally, the capabilities of precision-guided munitions have significant implications on acquisitions policy. Regardless of whether or not precision-guided munitions are part of a larger revolution in military, the implications of precision-guided munitions for the US military are significant. Historical Evolution of AccuracyEver since man first threw stones at their fellow men, the elusive goal of killing ones opponent from a distance, wit h absolute precision has been a holy grail of warfare. Weapons such as bows and arrows, rifles, and artillery, were all designed for increased lethality at longer distances, with less risk to the operator. PGMs provide just that capability that is the capability to put ordinance on target with precision at long ranges. Precision has always played a role in warfare. Whether it was marksmanship with bow or rifle, the ability to place a projectile on target contributed greatly to victory. PGMs were designed with just that function in mind.

My Philosophy :: Education Teaching Essays

My PhilosophyEducation is important because it serves as a foundation for your quality of life. The over all endeavor of any education is to teach children the world. It gives you a structure that is always changing as you light upon more than and more everyday. I want to become a physical education and health instructor because I feel that the education of a healthy lifestyle and active play need to be incarnate into every wizards lives. I believe to provide students with the knowledge they need to stay healthy and to desire to be that way. What is my philosophy in teaching? Well, I am eclectic and have a few that I fit into. I find mainly that I am a progressivist. I also fit with certain aspects from the philosophical stances idealism, realism, and existentialism. Being a physical education major, I really do non see how I could become a handed-down teacher. I do not picture myself taking on much of a democratic role, particularly in the gym setting that I would genera lly be in. I assume that I leave behind carry up the role of a facilitating teacher and have student centered activities where we will learn new things together. I plan to give my students the freedom to make their own decisions for the most part, because no one is going to have fun and want to put down much at all if they are not in an enjoyable setting. There will be rules that my students and I will determine together, and these are what will remain for the entire duration of the class as long as they do not take advantage of the rules or myself. In a way, I will give my students the opportunity to lead their class, as long as they do it responsibly and do not get out of hand.I rally that my curricular area is important because of the rise of childhood obesity in the United States today. I hope to contribute, in a way, to the decline of obesity in the future. As a teacher I hope to accomplish the impossible, as I am certain that everyone sets out to do in any field. I want s tudents to leave my class feeling like I care about them and that they belong in my class as well. I want to be one of the teachers that the students look up to and feel comfortable and at ease around.My Philosophy Education Teaching EssaysMy PhilosophyEducation is important because it serves as a foundation for your quality of life. The over all purpose of any education is to teach children the world. It gives you a structure that is always changing as you learn more and more everyday. I want to become a physical education and health teacher because I feel that the education of a healthy lifestyle and active play need to be incorporated into everyones lives. I hope to provide students with the knowledge they need to stay healthy and to desire to be that way. What is my philosophy in teaching? Well, I am eclectic and have a few that I fit into. I find mainly that I am a progressivist. I also agree with certain aspects from the philosophical stances idealism, realism, and existent ialism. Being a physical education major, I really do not see how I could become a traditional teacher. I do not picture myself taking on much of a democratic role, especially in the gym setting that I would primarily be in. I assume that I will take up the role of a facilitating teacher and have student centered activities where we will learn new things together. I plan to give my students the freedom to make their own decisions for the most part, because no one is going to have fun and want to participate much at all if they are not in an enjoyable setting. There will be rules that my students and I will determine together, and these are what will remain for the entire duration of the class as long as they do not take advantage of the rules or myself. In a way, I will give my students the opportunity to lead their class, as long as they do it responsibly and do not get out of hand.I think that my curricular area is important because of the rise of childhood obesity in the United S tates today. I hope to contribute, in a way, to the decline of obesity in the future. As a teacher I hope to accomplish the impossible, as I am sure that everyone sets out to do in any field. I want students to leave my class feeling like I care about them and that they belong in my class as well. I want to be one of the teachers that the students look up to and feel comfortable and at ease around.

My Philosophy :: Education Teaching Essays

My PhilosophyEducation is important because it serves as a foundation for your quality of life. The over all told purpose of whatever education is to teach children the world. It succumbs you a structure that is always changing as you learn more and more everyday. I motive to drive a physical education and health instructor because I have that the education of a healthy lifestyle and active play need to be incorporated into everyones lives. I hope to raise students with the knowledge they need to stay healthy and to desire to be that way. What is my philosophy in teaching? Well, I am eclectic and have a hardly a(prenominal) that I fit into. I find mainly that I am a progressivist. I also agree with certain aspects from the philosophical stances idealism, realism, and existentialism. Being a physical education major, I really do not see how I could become a traditional teacher. I do not video recording myself taking on much of a democratic role, especially in the gym settin g that I would primarily be in. I assume that I go away take up the role of a facilitating teacher and have student centered activities where we will learn new things together. I plan to give my students the freedom to make their own decisions for the most part, because no one is going to have fun and trust to participate much at all if they argon not in an enjoyable setting. There will be rules that my students and I will determine together, and these be what will remain for the entire duration of the split up as long as they do not take advantage of the rules or myself. In a way, I will give my students the opportunity to kick in their class, as long as they do it responsibly and do not get out of hand.I think that my curricular area is important because of the cosmetic surgery of childhood corpulency in the United States today. I hope to contribute, in a way, to the decline of obesity in the future. As a teacher I hope to accomplish the impossible, as I am sure that everyo ne sets out to do in any field. I want students to leave my class perception like I care about them and that they belong in my class as well. I want to be one of the teachers that the students look up to and feel comfortable and at ease around.My Philosophy Education Teaching EssaysMy PhilosophyEducation is important because it serves as a foundation for your quality of life. The over all purpose of any education is to teach children the world. It gives you a structure that is always changing as you learn more and more everyday. I want to become a physical education and health teacher because I feel that the education of a healthy lifestyle and active play need to be incorporated into everyones lives. I hope to provide students with the knowledge they need to stay healthy and to desire to be that way. What is my philosophy in teaching? Well, I am eclectic and have a few that I fit into. I find mainly that I am a progressivist. I also agree with certain aspects from the philosoph ical stances idealism, realism, and existentialism. Being a physical education major, I really do not see how I could become a traditional teacher. I do not picture myself taking on much of a democratic role, especially in the gym setting that I would primarily be in. I assume that I will take up the role of a facilitating teacher and have student centered activities where we will learn new things together. I plan to give my students the freedom to make their own decisions for the most part, because no one is going to have fun and want to participate much at all if they are not in an enjoyable setting. There will be rules that my students and I will determine together, and these are what will remain for the entire duration of the class as long as they do not take advantage of the rules or myself. In a way, I will give my students the opportunity to lead their class, as long as they do it responsibly and do not get out of hand.I think that my curricular area is important because of t he rise of childhood obesity in the United States today. I hope to contribute, in a way, to the decline of obesity in the future. As a teacher I hope to accomplish the impossible, as I am sure that everyone sets out to do in any field. I want students to leave my class feeling like I care about them and that they belong in my class as well. I want to be one of the teachers that the students look up to and feel comfortable and at ease around.

How did the cold war effect Australia Essay

The Cold War originally referred to a struggle or a conflict that had not escalated into fighting and host conflict, that is, had not escalated into a hot war. Between 1945 and 1991, the united States and the Soviet trade union saw each other as potential enemies, menaceening each others larger global economic, political, and military goals. The Cold War thus was global competition between the unify States and the Soviet mating to shape and control the post-World War II global economic and political order. Throughout the Cold War, the United States saw the Soviet Union and communism as the greatest threat and challenge to its global leadership and dominance of an emerging global economy and industrial indian lodge. The United States was determined to pay back the military and political expansion of Soviet power in order to prevent it from challenging American global economic and political dominance.In 1945 and 1946, there were increasing debates within the United States gove rnment over how to deal with the Soviet Union. Should the United States now see the Soviets as an evil empire that threatened to break the peace and freedom of an American-led free world? The influential 1946 memo to President Truman said that the Soviets were a global threat to peace.It said that the Soviet Union had a secret plan to conquer the world and spread communism throughout the world. The Soviets refusal to accept American leadership and a global egalitarian, capitalist community of nations, show that capitalism and communism could not peacefully co-exist. The Soviet domination of Eastern Europe after World War II and the continuing Soviet military build up was proof that the Soviet Union was threatening global peace and securityThe Domino TheoryThe domino theory was given its specialised game and meaning in 1959 by President Dwight D. Elsenhower. He used this theory to refer to the potential spread of communism in Southern-Asia. He specifically said, you can have a ro w of dominoes set up, you knock over the first one, and what go forth happen to the last one is the certainty that it will go over very quickly. So you could have a beginning of a disintegration that would havethe most profound influences The influences that he is talking nigh were the influences of communism. He believed as many others did that if one country in Southern-Asia fell to communism then all surrounding countries would also. This Theory could be applied to the Soviet Union during 1917 to 1980. In this time the Soviet Union gained power by militarily taking land from other countries.The domino theory was a threat to world peace because every country was afraid of falling to communism. The Southern-Asian areas would be the starting domino and when it falls the rest of the dominoes (counties) would eventually fall with it.The domino theory effected Australia the same way as the rest of the world. They were scared that eventually they would fall under communism.NATOFifty y ears ago on April 4, 1949, xii countries signed the Treaty of Washington and formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Therewere a total of sixteen countries that signed this treaty. Some of those countries were Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, Australia and the United States. This organization was born out of the need to strengthen the capacity of a war-devastated Europe in order to defend itself against and deter a Soviet Union, which was rapidly consolidating itself under communism and strengthening its military power. NATO wanted to help the world maintain peace due to the Soviet Unions threat on the non-Communist countries of Western Europe.NATO werent a threat to world peace, NATO were the organization that were against communism and wanted world peace. NATO tried to help non-communist countries against the Soviet Unions threats.Australia was a part of NATO organization, which was against communism. So the effect it had on Australia was good. By Australia signing up for NATO itjust influenced what everyone already felt and this was that they didnt want to be taken over by the Soviet Union and by communism. communismCommunism was one of the greatest issues during the cold war. The Soviet Union wanted to spread communism through out the world. Communism is a political and economic system in which the state dominates all aspects of the economy. Under communism, the state controls and runs industries and farms, and government leaders control and run all aspects of society in the name of the people. In communists countries, the government and elite leaders rule the country, believing that they know what is best for the people and their society.Whereas, in democratic capitalist countries such as the United States, individuals and corporations are free to control their own economic lives and businesses and the people shape and control their government and society. S o the Soviet Union spreading communism throughout the globe was a major threat to the United States.Communism was a threat to world peace because no one wanted the government or the state to have complete control over them. People want to have their own lives and their own rights. So if communism took over it would eventually causes a nuclear/world war.Australia was abnormal by communism badly. Australia was scared to fall under the power of the Soviet Union and by communism. The fear of communism eventually overtaking Australia was initially the main reason for Australias involvement in the Vietnam War.The Cold War affected Australians in main ways* Australian forces sent to Malayan emergency June 1950to accompany the South Vietnamese into combat. In 1965, Australias commitment to the war was stepped up to involve combat troops.* Australian forces engaged in Confrontation March 1965Confrontation was a small-undeclared war fought between 1962-1966 during which Indonesia sought t o destabilise the newly independent Malaysia. aft(prenominal) two Indonesian raids on the Malayan peninsula in 1964 the Australian government deployed a battalion in Borneo. Indonesia and Malaysia signed a peace treaty in 1966.So although the Cold War was between the United States and the Soviet Union, Australia was still very much involved. Since Australia was allied with the United States, whatever affected the USA affected Australia.

A Fan’s View on Angelina Jolie

Not some stars that I uniform. But she is an actress that I extol very much for talent and her attitude. Her name is Angelina Jolie is an American actress of 36 years. She is a person of admiration. Which is known glob all toldy with partner Brad Pitt has adopted children from Africa. In my view, numerous people may not be able to do the same. She is a very assertive and open. She is a member of the charitable foundation that provides assistance to all who need it. Although very popular, not so presumptuous as all stars. It be needs as if the world outside of the show. Angelina Jolie is a film actress and television. Born in Los Angeles in 1975.Throughout her c atomic number 18er she has received numerous awards for his acting achievements, including an Academy Award and three Golden Globes is considered cardinal of the sexiest women in the world and this is the focus of the entertainment press. In mid-2009, Angelina Jolie was class-conscious first in the list of Forbes magazin e among the highest paid actresses in Hollywood, according to data released by the publication. It has three biological children with her partner, fellow actor, Brad Pitt. In 2001 he was appointed ambassador to the United Nations, actively participating with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).Angelina uses its popularity to the media attention devoted to the case of refugees and the terrible conditions in which they live. She has visited many refugee camps and centers in countries like Tanzania, Cambodia, Pakistan, Namibia, Thailand and Ecuador. For his charitable work has been awarded grants humanitarian immigration program for refugees and Church World Service. Angelina Jolie and partner Brad Pitt have donated a million dollars each to two organizations dedicate to patroning the disadvantaged, Global Action for Children and Doctors Without Borders.The organization provides aid in nearly 60 countries to people whose survival is threatened by violence, negle ct, or catastrophe, primarily receivable to armed conflict, epidemics, malnutrition, exclusion from health care, or natural disasters, for emergency medical assistance to help victims of the Haiti earthquake. Asked what she hoped to accomplish meeting with refugees and internally displaced persons in more than 20 countries, she stated, Awareness of the plight of these people. I think they should be commended for what they have survived, not looked down upon. (Jolie 2003).As seen in previous paragraphs Angelina Jolie is a very bold and sociable. she has always shown warmth to everyone around the world an example of some publications that are published on the Facebook page On World Humanitarian Day we remember the aid workers who have lost their lives in the line of duty and we honor the extraordinary courage and dedication of humanitarian workers around the world, she wrote. I had the honor and the pleasure of meeting one of these brave individuals before his murder during a visit to Pakistan, where I witnessed first-hand the incredible devotion of a very kind and gentle man.His name was Mr. Zill-e-Usman. (Jolie 2012) Angelina Jolie has spent many years helping the poor. The actress feels very fortunate to work as a member of UNHCR and refugees. According to the couple of Brad Pitt said about this It is true that they are the most vulnerable in the world, but paradoxically also the most resistant. They are survivors who have been forced to leave their homes and go without any possession thousands of miles to strain a better life. (Jolie 2012) No doubt this woman is an example for many people who only care about the physical appearance and not help others.

Powermat, Inc. Cases (Recruitment) Essay

Powermat, Inc. has encountered difficulty over the last few years in plectron its middle- circumspection positions. The company, which manufactures and sells complex machinery, is organised into six semi-autonomous manufacturing departments. Top management believes that it is necessary for these departmental managers to know the product lines and the manufacturing process, because many managerial closes must(prenominal) be made at that level. Therefore, the company origin on the wholey recruited employees from indoors. However, they soon found that employees elevated to the middle-management level frequently lack the skills necessary to discharge their new duties. A last then was made to recruit from break throughside, particularly from educational institutes with good industrial management programmes. by dint of the services of a professional recruiter, the company was provided with a pool of well qualified management graduates. Some of them were hired and placed in lower m anagement positions as preparation for advancement to the middle-management commercial enterprises. They all left the company, however, within two years of their enlisting. Management reverted to its springer policy of promoting employees from within and experienced basically the like results as so superstarr. Faced with the imminent retirement of employees in several key middle management positions, the company decided d to call in a consultant who could suggest solutions.Discussion Questions1. What is the line of make water of recruiting in this company?2. If you were the consultant, what would you recomm arrest?HRM Planning and Staffing2.1 Introduction serviceman resource planning and rounding is one of the toughest task, an physical composition has before it. Selecting the right man for the right problem at the right time is main task of the HR department. The main task is to ensure that the staff of the organization does not leave the organization andensure that the y argon satisfied and that the add of the organization is not affected by the absence of the employee and so on.2.2 ObjectivesAfter denotation this chapter, the student lead understand the process and problems of HR Planning, patronage abridgment, its process, job commentary, etc.2.2 Process and Problems of Human Resource Planning.HRP ProcessCompany Objectives & Strategic PlansPMarket Forecast Production Objectives/Process Capital/Financial Plans PlansHASETime Horizon (Short/Long Term) 1Human Resources Demand ForecastN NumberOR CategoryMS SkillsAction PlansRecruitmentRetrainingRedundancyProductivity beprospicientingsMonitoring and ControlFactors affecting HRPType and strategy of organization compositional growth cycles and planningEnvironmental uncertaintiesTime horizonsType and quality of considering knowledgeNature of jobs being filled andOff-loading the ploughType and strategy of organizationThe type of organization is an important consideration because it determines the production processes involved, issue and type of staff needed, and the supervisory and managerial military unit office required. Manufacturing organizations argon more complex in this respect than those that render services. The strategic plan of the organization defines the organizations HR needfully. E.g. A Strategy of internal growth means that additional employees must be hired. Acquisitions or mergers, on the other hand, probably mean that the organization will need to plan for layoffs, since mergers ladder to create, duplicate or overlapping positions that faeces be handled more cost-efficiently with fewer employees. Primarily, the organization decides every to be proactive or reactive in HRP. It can either decide to c befully anticipate the needs and dogmatically plan them to fill them in advance, or it can simply react to needs as they stand up. The above diagram summaries the 5 choices faced by the organizations in strategic HRP. An organization will often tend to be to the left or right on some and to the right on the other, although there could be exceptions. A company could be at one end of the extreme on some plan characteristics and at the other end on other.B. Organization Growth Cycle and PlanningThe stage of an organizations growth can constitute considerable influence on HRP. Small organizations in the embryonic stage may not have somebodynel planning. Need for planning is felt when the organization enters the growth stage. HR forecasting becomes essential. Internal farmment of peck similarly begins to receive attention in cabargont to keep up with the growth. A mature organization experiences less flexibility and variability. Growth slows down. The seduceforce becomes old as few younger people are hired. Planning becomes more formalized and less flexible and innovative. Issues like retirement and possible retrenchment dominate planning. Finally, in the declining stage, HRP takes a different focus. Planning is through with(p) for layoff, retrenchment and retirement. Since decisions are often made after serious financial and sales shocks are experienced by the organization, planning is often reactive in nature.C. Environmental UncertaintiesHR managers rarely have the privilege of operating in a stable and predictable environment. Political, accessible and economic changes affect all organizations. force planners deal with environmental uncertainties by carefully formulating recruitment, selection and training and development policies and programmes. Balancing mechanisms are built into the HRM programme through succession planning, promotion channels, layoffs, flexitime, job sharing, retirement, VRS and other military force related arrangements.D. Time HorizonsSince there are long and short term plans spanning from six months to twenty years, the exact time span depends on the degree of uncertainty prevailing in an organizations environment. Plans for companies operating in an unstable environment, com puters for example, must be for a short period. Plans for others where environment is hithertohandedly stable, for example a university plan, maybe long-term. In oecumenical, the greater the uncertainty, the shorter the plans time horizon and vice-versa.E. Type and Quality of InformationThe information apply to forecast personnel needs originates form a multitude of sources. A study issue in personnel planning is the type of information which should be used in making forecasts. Closely related to the type of information is the quality of data used. The quality and accuracy of information depend upon the clarity with which the organizational decision makers have defined their strategy, organizational structure, budgets, production schedules and so on. In addition, the HR department must maintain well-developed job- analysis information and HR information systems that provide accurate and timely data. Generally speaking, organizations operating in stable environments are in a be tter position to obtain comprehensive, timely and accurate information because of lasting planning horizons, clearer definitions of strategy and fair games, and fewer disruptions.F. Nature of argumentations being filledPersonnel planners must consider the nature of jobs being filled in the organization. Job vacancies arise because of separations, promotions and expansion strategies. It is easy to employ shop-floor achievementers, but a lot of sourcing is necessary for hiring managerial personnel. It is, therefore, necessary for the personnel department to anticipate vacancies, as far in advance as possible, to provide sufficient lead time to ensure that suitable candidates are recruited.G. OutsourcingSeveral organizations outsource part of their work to outside parties either in the form of sub-contracting or ancillarisation. Outsourcing is a regular feature both in private and public sectors. Most organizations have surplus push and they do not want to worsen the problem by hi ring more people. Hence, the need for off-loading.Competence Analysis.Every person in the organization need not have all the competence to do the desired work. The HR department identifies the competence of the individual employee and maps the same with the jobs in the organization. If an employee is capable of doing a particular job, to increase his efficiency, the HR department gives training to improve his competence in doing that job more skillfully and even more efficaciously and efficiently.Job Analysis and DesignJob Analysis is the process by which data, with regard to each job, is systematically observed and noted. It provides information about the nature of the job and the characteristics or qualifications that are desirable in the job holder. Job analysis provides precisely what the duties, responsibilities, working environment and other requirements of a job are and to ease up these in a clear, concise and systematic wayJob Analysis study attempts to provide information in seven basic areasJob Identification or its title, including the code number, if any. Distinctive or significant characteristics of the job, its location setting, supervision, union jurisdiction and hazards and discomforts, if any. What the typical worker does specific operations and tasks that make up the assignment and their relative timing and importance the simplicity, the occasion or complexity of tasks, responsibility for others, for property, or for funds. What materials and equipment the worker uses Metals, plastics, grain, yarns and lathes, milling machines, electronic ignition testers, corn huskers, punch presses and micrometers are illustrative. How the job is performed the emphasis here is on the nature of operations and may specify such operations as discourse, feeding, removing, drilling, driving, setting up and many others. Required personnel attributes Experience, training apprenticeship, physical strength, coordination or dexterity, physical demands, mental cap abilities, aptitudes, and social skills are some attributes. The conditions under which the work is performed Working conditions and work environments is a major contributing factor in the surgical operation of the job, and the felicity of the employee.Job Analysis ProcessTo be meaningful and usable for personnel related decision-making, job analysis must be carried more at frequent intervals. Jobs in the past were considered to be static and were designed on the butt that they would not change. People working on these jobs were different, the jobs expected unchanged. For higher efficiency and productivity, jobs must change according to the employees who carry them out. Some of the major reasons leading such changes are Techno discursive Change The pace of change in technology necessitates changes in the nature of job as well as the skills required. E.g. Word process has drastically changed the nature of secretarial jobs. Union-Management Agreements The agreements entered betwee n management and the union can read about change in the nature of job, duties and responsibilities. For example, under employees participation scheme, the workers are encouraged to accept wider responsibilities. People Each employee brings with him his own strengths and weaknesses, his own style of handling a job and his own aptitude.Steps in Job Analysis ProcessOrganization Analysis The first step is to get an overall descry of various jobs in the organization with a view to examine the linkages between jobs and the organizational objectives, interrelationships among the jobs and the contribution of various jobs towards achieving organizational efficiency and authorization. The organization chart and the work flow or process charts constitute an important source of information for the purpose. Use of Job Analysis Information Depending on organizational priorities and constraints, it is desirable to develop clarity regarding the possible uses of the information pertaining to job analysis. It is important to focus on a few priority activities in which the job analysis information could be used. Selection of Jobs for Analysis Carrying out job analysis is a time-consuming and costly process. It is therefore, desirable to select a representative sample of jobs for purposes of analysis charm of DataData will be collected on the characteristics of the job, the required behaviour and own(prenominal) attributes needed to do the job effectively. Several techniques for job analysis are available. Care needs to be taken to use only such techniques, which are acceptable and reliable in the animate situation within the organization. Preparation of Job verbal translation The information collected in the previous step is used in preparing the job description for the job highlighting major tasks, duties and responsibilities for effective job performance Preparation of Job Specification Likewise, the information gathered in the Collection of Data is also used to prepare the job specification for a job highlighting the personal attributes in terms of education, training, aptitude and experience to fulfill the job description. Job Analysis thereof carried out provides basic inputs to the design of jobs so that it is able to meet the requirements of both the organization (in terms of efficiency and productivity) as well as the employees (in terms of job satisfaction and fulfillment).Developing appropriate job design is then the outcome of the job analysis process. business concern DESCRIPTIONData collected for job analysis provides the basis for preparing job description. It diagnoses to the job contents and the expectations that an organization has from its employees. Job descriptions usually outline the stripped requirements of jobs for many reasons First, despite all the attempts, a perfect and fully inclusive job description is not possible. In fact, as one moves up in the hierarchy of an organization, a detailed job description becomes very di fficult. Secondly, most(prenominal) organizations would prefer not to describe the job fully, if it is possible, because employees would then stick to what has been described and would not do anything beyond it. Thirdly, if a job were fully described, supervision would automatically be taken care of by the duties performed, making some of the duties of the supervisory staff redundant. Fourthly, technology is hanging fast and hence the nature of job is also changing. Unless an organization continuously updates the job description, it would be difficult to monitorthe performance of the employees.DESIGN OF JOB DESCRIPTIONA primary output or result of job analysis is job description. Information obtained by job analysis is shifted and recorded concisely, clearly and fully in the job description. The job description must assemble all the important elements of a job, such as essential tasks, responsibilities, qualifications required and the functional relation of the job to other jobs. There is no universally accepted standard format for job descriptions for the reason that the form and structure of the job descriptions must depend on the kind of work being canvass and the job evaluation plan being used. For example, if the job evaluation form comprises factors such as physical and intellectual effort, knowledge, skills, and responsibilities and working conditions, it follows that job description should be structured to reflect these factors so as to facilitate factor by factor comparison and evaluation of the jobs. With non- analytical methods, job description may be more flexible and simpler but most specify the title of the job and its position in the organization, summarizes the tasks performed and list the skills and abilities required. It is helpful to follow the following guidelines when writing a job descriptionI. Always be accurate about what is expressed.Omit expressions which are attributes- such as uninteresting, distasteful, etc. Personal pronouns sh ould be avoided- if it is necessary to refer to the worker, the word operator may be used. Do not describe only one phase of the job and give the impression that all phases are covered. Generalized or ambiguous expressions, such as prepare, assist, handle etc. should be omitted unless supported by data that will finish off them. All statements should be clearly defined and simply set down- promiscuous use of adjectives only reflects ones own opinion. Describe the job as is being done, by the majority of workers holding the designation.Write in simple language explain unusual technical terms. Description of a job, which is part of teamwork, should micturate the team relationship. The length of description is immaterial it is not expect even with printed form that all job descriptions should be of equal length but economise concisely. When the job analyst finds that the data he has to work with is insufficient, s/he shouldstop until sufficient data is available. Put the date of com pletion of each description and revise it as often as changes in jobs and occupation require. Job description should have the concurrence of the concerned supervisor. Description should contain the initials of the persons who compile them.USES OF JOB DESCRIPTIONApart from being a basis for job evaluation, the job descriptions can be put to many uses. They are as underSupervisor- Employee intercourseThe information contained in the job description outlines the work, which the incumbent is expected to perform. Hence, it is an extremely useful document for both the supervisor and the subordinate for purposes of communication. Furthermore, it helps employees to understand just what work their associates are expected to perform, thus, facilitating integration of efforts at the work site by the employees themselves. Recruitment, Selection, Promotion, Transfer Information pertaining to the knowledge, skills and abilities required to perform the work to an acceptable standard, can be used as a sound basis on which to base standards are procedures for recruitment, selection, promotion and transfer. Work Performance Appraisal To be sound and objective, a performance appraisal system must be rooted in the work performed by the employee such . work is indicated by the duties in the job description. In such an approach, using each duty as the basis for discussion, the employee and the supervisor agree on work performance goals for the period to be covered by the subsequent evaluation report they also agree on the criteria to be used to determine the extent to which the goals have been attained.The reports resulting from this methodology minimize subjectivity by focusing attention on the job, as distinct from the personality traits, habits or practices of the employee. As a consequence, the results are more factual valid and defensible than is the movement in other types of systems. Manpower Planning, Training and Development These three processes are closely interrelated . The job description showing, in specific terms, the knowledge, skill and ability requirements for effective performance of the duties, is a sound and rational basis for each of these processes. Analysisof various types of jobs at progressively more senior levels will indicate logical sources of supply for more senior posts, as part of manpower planning. It will also indicate the gap to be bridged in terms of knowledge, skill and ability, thus providing a sound basis for preparingj0b- related training and development programmes. Industrial Relations Frequently, issues arise in the industrial relations field, which have their origin in the work to be undertaken. In these instances the job description may be used to form a factual basis for discussion and problem resolution. Organization and Procedure Analysis- The duties and responsibilities outlined in the job description may be used to a great advantage by management in analyzing physical composition and procedures, because they reveal how the work is organized, how the procedure operate and how authority and responsibility are appointed.A Job Description should accept aI. Job Title It represents a summary statement of what the job entails. Job Objective or Overall Purpose Statement This statement is generally a summary designed to guide the reader to the general nature, level, purpose and objective of the job. The summary should describe the broad function and scope of the position and be no longer than three to quadruple sentences. List of Duties or Tasks Performed The list contains an item-by-item list of principal duties, continuing responsibilities and accountability of the occupant of the position. The list should contain each and every essential job duty or responsibility that is critical to the successful performance of the job. The list should begin with the most important functional and relational responsibilities and continue down in read of significance. Each duty or responsibility that comp rises at least five percent of the incumbents time should be included in the list. Description of the Relationships and lineaments the occupant of the position holds within the company, including any supervisory positions, subordinating roles and/or other working relationships.JOB SPECIFICATIONWorkload analysis helps in identifying the minimum qualification needed to perform a particular job. These may include academic qualifications, professional qualifications, age, years of experience, relevance and nature of previous experience, and other skills and attitudes. They form theminimum eligibility requirements, which the candidate must have, for the appointment to a job. A clear indication of specifications helps in generating eligible applications, because of self-selection. The candidates who do not possess those qualifications do not apply. On the other hand, lack of clear- cut specifications may generate a large number of applications, leading to high costs, in terms of man-hour s, in processing them.There is a great deal of disagreement with regard to developing complete and correct job specification unlike the job description, which provides more objective assessment of job requirements. The decision to specify minimum human requirements for ajob is a difficult one as it involves considerable degree of subjectivity. There is a general feeling that transcriptions generally tend to establish relatively high requirements for formal education and training, resulting in a situation where highly qualified people end up doing jobs of routine nature. Particularly, in India, highly qualified personnel are recruited for jobs where their abilities, skills and knowledge are under- utilized. Despite these problems, however, minimally acceptable human requirements need to be specified for various jobs and category of jobs. The format for job specification should include the following items Position Title Education/ Training Experience Knowledge Abilities Skills cleve rness Desirable Attributes Contra-indicators, if any any.From job analysis to jobless worldJob enrichment means redefining in a way that increases the opportunities for workers to experience building of responsibility, achievement, growth and cognizance by doing job well.Analysing together the jobEstablishing client recognitionVertical loadingJob-SharingFlexible job doing pattern etc.Open feedback channels.Whether specialised, enlarged or enriched, workers skill generally likes to have specific job to do and the job require job descriptions. But in the emerging organisation today jobs are becoming more amorphous and more difficult to define. In other words the trend is towards do-jobbing in many modern organisation. Given this general description of organisation, roles that are clearly defined play a significant part in accomplishing the goals of the organisation. Roles can be seen in a variety of ways.Role and Role DynamicsA role is a set of expectations associated with a job or a position. When roles are unclear or complicated performance problem can occur. Role ambiguity occurs when someone is uncertain about what is expected of him or her. To do any job the people need know what is expected of them. Role clarity is important for every member of the group, but that is more important for new members. Role ambiguity creates problems and the whole efforts is either wasted or of appreciated. Expecting too much or too little may create problem. Role overload occurs when too much is expected and individual feels overloaded with work/responsibility. Role underload occurs when too little is expected and the individual feels underutilized therefore, a balanced and realistic role load is expected. Role conflict occurs when a person is uneffective to meet the expectations of others. The individual understands what needs to be done but for some reasons can not comply.The resulting tension can reduce job satisfaction, affects both work performance and the relationship with other groups members. The Common forms of role conflict are intra sender role-conflicting which occurs when the same person sends conflicting expectations. inter sender role-conflict occurs when different people send conflicting expectations. Person-Job-conflict-occurs when ones personal values & needs come into conflict with role expectations. inter role conflict occurs when the expectations of two or more roles held by the same individual becomes incompatible-such as conflict between work & family demands. One way ofmanaging role-dynamics in any group or work setting is the rolenegotiation. This is the process through which individual negotiate to clarify the role expectation each holds for the other.7.2 ROLE DESCRIPTIONWell-written role descriptions define the work of the organisation and its reasons for existence as an employer of human resources. Moreover, they define and help quantify the relative importance of work, what each position contributes to a process and the or ganisation as a whole. This definition illustrates an important point regarding role descriptions. Used in todays work environment, they describe not only what the role is all about but also how it contributes to the work of the organisation. They describe the nature of the work to be done by stating the purpose and main responsibilities. They may also include information on the type of person who is best suited to perform the job. Role descriptions are a valuable resource. They have the potential to be useful organisational tools however, to realize their potential they must be properly monitored. There are two main types of role descriptions, the generic or general and the specific or individual.RECRUITMENTRecruitment is the development and maintenance of adequate manpower sources. It involves the creation of a pool of available human resources from-which the organisation can draw when it needs additional employees. Recruiting is the process of attracting applicants with certain s kills, abilities and other personal characteristics to job vacancies in an organisation. According to Denerley and Plumblay (1969), recruitment is concerned with both engaging the required number of people, and mensuration their quality. It is not only a matter of satisfying a companys needs, itis also an activity which influences the shape of the companys future. The need for recruitment may arise out of (i) vacancies due to promotion, transfer, termination, retirement, permanent disability, or death (ii) creation. of vacancies due to business expansion, diversification, growth, and soon. Recruitment has been regarded as the most important function of personnel administration. Unless the right types of people are hired, even the best plans, organisation charts and control systems will be of no avail. A company cannot prosper grow, or even survive without adequate human resources. Needfor trained manpower in recent years has created a pressure on some organisations to establish an efficient recruitment function.RECRUITMENT PURPOSEThe general purpose of recruitment is to provide a pool of potentially qualified candidates to meet organizational need. Its specific purposes are to Determine the present and future requirements of the organisation in conjunction with the personnel planning and job analysis activities. Increase the pool of job candidates with minimum cost. table service increase the success rate of the selection process by reducing the number of under qualified or overqualified job applicants. Help reduce the fortune that job applicants, once recruited and selected, will leave the organisation only after a short period of time. Meet the organisations legal and social obligations regarding the composition of its workforce.? Start identifying and preparing potential job applicants who will be appropriate candidates.? Increase organisational and individual effectiveness in the short and long term.? Evaluate the effectiveness of various recruiting. tec hniques and sources for all types of job applicants.?RECRUITMENT POLICYRecruitment policy may involve a commitment to broad principles such as filling vacancies with the best qualified individuals. It may embrace several issues such as extent of promotion from within, attitudes of enterprise in recruiting its old employees, handicaps, minority groups, women employees, part-time employees, friends and relatives of present employees. It may also involve the organisation system to be developed for implementing recruitment programme and procedures. A well considered and pre-planned recruitment policy, based on merged goals, study of environment and the corporate needs, may avoid hasty or ill-considered decisions and may go a long way to man the organisation with the right type of personnel. A good recruitment policy must contain the following elements Organisations objectives both short term and long term.? Identification of the recruitment needs.?Preferred sources of recruitment.?Cri teria of selection and preferences.?The cost of recruitment and financial implications of the same.?A recruitment policy in its broadest sense involves a commitment by the employer to (i) find the best qualified persons for each job (ii) retain the best and most promising of those hired (iii) offer promising opportunities for life-time working careers and (iv) provide programmes and facilities for personal growth on the job.RECRUITMENT PROCESSTo be successful, the recruitment process must follow a number of steps. These are Defining the job?Establishing the person profile?Making the vacancy known?Receiving and documenting applications?Designing and using the application form?Selecting?Notification and final checks?Induction.?SOURCES OF MANPOWER SUPPLYOnce the job analysis is completed and the job specification or behavioural competencies are identified, the next stage is to consider how to attract people who meet the requirements. A key decision is about whether to recruit internall y or externally. Before an organisation actively begins recruiting applicants, it should have a knowledge of the sources of supply and methods of tapping them. The sources of supply do not remain constant but vary from time to time. The sources of supply of manpower can be divided into two groups internal and external sources. Internal sources relate to the existing working force of an enterprise while external sources relate to the employment exchanges, colleges, institutes, and universities. The particular sources and means by which workers are recruited vary greatly. It depends upon management policy, the types of jobs involved, the supply of labour relative to demand, and labour market. In deciding which recruitment source to use, consider (a) the nature and size of the company (b) the level ofvacancies to be filled up (c) the number of vacancies to be filled up (d) budget allocation and (e) the time period to fill the vacancy.Internal Sources Internal sources are the most obvi ous sources. These include personnel already on the pay-roll of an organisation, i.e., its present working force.

Fit Crackers Market Analysis

MKT 201Sec 07 Submitted To Mr. Abul Khair Jyote Submitted By Group Innovi GROUP MEMBERS MD. Asif Chowdhury,ID 1010498 Nafisa Khan, ID1020718 Tusher Mahamud, ID 1127026 Shadia Tahsin, ID 1221675 Yasmin Jahan, ID 1127036 Submission Date 25th november 2012 ASSIGNMENT ON salvo wrong(p) Acknowledgement We would bid to thank our respected course instructor Mr. Abul Khair Jyote to give us such an opportunity to make a mathematical sort out report on a ingatherings securities industry analysis. We overly insufficiency to give him a special word of thanks for his persistent counsellor and encouragement at all stages of this work.We consider it a smashing opportunity to have a sh ar of his knowledge and experience in the field of trade. And we want to thank the Pran foods familys employees for giving us such worth(predicate) information. We as well want to thank our guardians, seniors and friends who help us to make our report valuable and complete by giving information and the ir valuable perceptions. Topic Name Page No. 1. Executive Summary 1 2. penetration * Company overview * point of intersection 2-32-33 3. Marketing Mix * cross path * Price * Place * Promotion 44444 4.Market Strategies * Market Segmentation * Tar birth Market * Market arrangement 5-655-66 5. utilization of Marketing conception 6 6. Building Customer Relationship 6-7 7. Customer Relationship Group 7-8 8. Competitors 8 9. deck up Analysis 9 10. Ad Analysis 10 11. increase Life Cycle 11 12. Conclusion 11 Executive Summary exit awry(p) is a output of Pran Food Company. It starts the journey in 2012 with take out favored cookie. Slogan of this mathematical product was ESE GELO CRISPY CRUNCHY FIT CRACKERS EKBAR KHAN R TOTALLY CRAGY HOYE JAN. Weight of this product is 130gm and price is TK. 0. In market segmentation it does not focus only a special group. It divides market into multiple segments like demographic, Psychographic segmentation. It recitations antithetical target marketing strategies for its several clients. Its target clients are children, young lot. That is why it uses milk flavor, sweet and healthy ingredients. It holds a great position in the consumer mind by creating good taste of biscuit also favorable price for every class of hatful. To build a good relationship Pran always handle their consumer promptly. PRAN view their consumers as their king.They build and maintain paying customer relationships via endorsing consumers satisfaction. It also maintains good customer relationship. At the beginning of add crackers it has good demand in the local market. But day by day competitors are increasing by offering more variety product with fewer prices like Fnf crackers by Danish group. In the fancy up analysis it has good chance to hold market also have weakness & threats to escape from the market. Pran fit Cracker has an Ad which telecasts on Tv also it circulates Ad on some recentspaper.This ad actually dictates that large number who love craziness especially the younger ass enjoy it more to feel their craziness. Fit Crackers starts its life cycle from introduction with great effort and successfully hold in the market only when due to increasing competitors its now in adulthood stage which is not good for Pran. At last we canister indicate that to survive in the competitive market Pran have to come with new variety taste of fit crackers like Fnf Crackers with attractive price by providing superior taste than early(a) competitors. Page No. 01 Introduction We analyze the market of Fit Crackers a product of PRAN Foods Company.The introduction part divided into two sections unmatched is about company and the other one is about the product. Company Overview PRAN is currently one of the most admired food and beverage brand among the peoples of Bangladesh. PRAN started in 1981 as a processors fruit and vegetable in Bangladesh. All the PRAN products are produced as per international standards maintaining highest level of quality at every stages of its production process. PRAN products are regularly being exported among 82 countries around the world. The company has adopted ISO 9001 as a guiding principle of its management system.This company is complaint to HACCP and certified with HALAL, which ensures the best quality products reaches to the customers around the world. Company Aim To arrest employment and earn dignity and self-respect for their competitors through profitable enterprises. Vision Improving Livelihood PRAN is currently producing 200 hundred products under 10 different categories. Page No. 02 Company Objective * Profit maximization * Maximize sales * Growth * Maximize sales revenue Attract and retain unwavering customers by providing value for customers LOGO Company AddressCorporate Address PRAN-RFL Centre, 105 Middle Badda, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh. Phone 880-2-9881792 Ext-345, 880-2-8835546 Fax 88-02-8837464 Web Address www. pranfoods. net Product Introduction Our market a nalyzing product design is Fit Crackers its a milk-flavored biscuit. Its a Bangladeshi product. It is under their Dairy Category. PRAN Dairy limited manufactures it in their factory Bagpara, Palash, Narsingdi. PRAN come with a new milk flavored biscuits with new taste and new design Launch Year 2012 Page No. 03 earth of origin Bangladesh Storage Information Keep in dry and cool place.Marketing Mix The marketing mix consists of everything that the PRAN Fit Crackers can do to cultivate the demand for its product. The many possibilities can be collected into four groups of variables known as the 4Ps. Product In short, we can define product as anything that can be offered to a market or consumer for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a need or want. This product is pure tangible goods. Levels of the product The following are the two levels of this product Core Benefit Satisfaction of hunger, ensure nutrition to the people.Actual Product Name Fit Crackers, a PRAN food. A new milk- flavored crispy, crunchy and flavorsome biscuit with new and different style packing. Tagline/Slogan ESE GELO CRISPY CRUNCHY FIT CRACKERS EKBAR KHAN R TOTALLY CRAGY HOYE JAN earnings Weight 130 GM. Price Tk. 30. 00, which is based on their target customers income. Place This product is available in every grocery and departmental shops of Bangladesh. It also exported other countries like PRANs others products. Promotion It uses newspaper and TV Ad as promotional activities. Page No. 04 Market Strategies Market positioningTarget marketing Market segmentation This process involves market segmentation, target marketing, differentiation and positioning. Market Segmentation Market segmentation is one of the most important parts in marketing. It is the part where marketers divide the market into small groups of buyers distinct needs, characteristics, or behavior that might require separate products or marketing mixes. Here, Multiple segmentation is use to choose the market. Demographic Segmentation Age & life cycle This is a milk flavored sweet healthy and biscuit which is for children and young people mainly.Because for older people sweet and fat is not healthy. They choose a small family size. Religion They choose not only Non-Muslim and non-vegetarian besides also for Muslim and vegetarian. Psychographic Segmentation Its a milk flavored crispy crunchy biscuit, which new different taste create craziness. Its slogan based on this psychology of craziness. They choose middle class people for their market. Target Marketing It uses different target marketing strategies for its several customers. Its target customers are children, young people. That is why it uses milk flavor, sweet and healthy ingredients.Make the product crispy, crunchy and tasty to attract the customers. It designed and weighted based on another customer small families. Page No. 05 Another customer is middle class people who like to take biscuits with tea. To attract middl e class people it designed like a meal, which people can take with tea. Moreover, they make a cast down price for middle class people. It targets not only Non-Muslim and non-vegetarian people but also Muslim and vegetarian people. That is why they use HALAL and vegetarian ingredients to make this product. Market PositioningWhile promoting or introducing a new product it is very important to have a good and strong positioning strategy. Product position is the way the product defined by consumers on important attributes-the place and product occupies in consumers minds relative to competing. As fit crackers is a product of PRAN group create position in the consumer mind by promoting attractive ad with great milk flavor taste also with good brand name (Pran) so is definitely have a better place relatively to competing products in the minds of target customers.Its completely a new product with an favour over other competitor by offering good taste with good price which can easily affo rdable to every class of people. Practice of Marketing Concepts There are five marketing concepts. * Production * Product * Selling * Marketing * Social Marketing Concept From this PRAN practice Marketing concepts for Fit Crackers Marketing concepts They view their customers as their king and as their laypeople. They tell apart needs and wants of the target markets and de croakring the desired satisfactions better than competitors do.That is why they come with different milk-flavored biscuit from their competitors innovating new taste according to their customer choice. Building Customer Relationship PRAN view their consumers as their king. They care about their consumers. They build and maintain profitable customer relationships via endorsing consumers satisfaction. They fully support consumers right to know what is in the product and they are transparent in terms of ingredients. They provide clear communication about their product ingredients, date of expire, nutrition values, a nd so onPage No. 06 They recently have started PCC (PRAN Customer Care) The eventual goal of their customer care program is to build long-term profitable relationships with their customers. They mention the communication to their customers. So, they humbly request their customers to feel free to communicate with them regarding following issues * Complaint for the product * Price information * Benefits of the product * Comments for the product * And any other issues Objectives to seek through their customers care are * To create a culture of customer focus To receive complaints from the customers on product related matters * To achieve customer satisfaction * To create rapport and loyalty They provide the easiest way to communication as they care valuable time of their consumers. Consumers can communicate with them about them through * Cell Phone +88-01973-737777 (During 8 A. M. to 8 P. M. ) * Through their web mail- emailprotected com Customer Relationship Groups For capturing Valu e from customers every product or company need to identify its customer groups. There are four customer groupsShort-term Customer Project Loyalty Long term Customer High Profitability offset Profitability Potential Profitability Page No. 07 True Friends Small families who are always having product of PRAN and very loyal to as PRAN product consumers they are also Fit Crackers true Fiends. Butterflies Children or young people are Fit Crackers Butterflies. They are highly profitable but if they get extra facilities from another crackers biscuits like taste change, cost effective facility they will switch to another crackers biscuits.Strangers Some people live in Bangladesh but do not like to have Bangladeshi manufacturing products they always try to choose exported products for their own use. That kind of people is strangers for Fit Crackers. However, they are very little in size. Barnacles Upper Middle class and upper class people are like Barnacles for Fit Crackers. Because they are , like fastidious. However, they are very loyal to PRAN, the leading Bangladeshi agro-based manufacturing company. However, if they find a simple fault or very little taste dissatisfaction they will be switch to others. CompetitorsDay by day new competitors has arrived on of them is FnF crackers by Danish group. They also provide the same design biscuit but their price of the product is not so high Tk. 30. n also tastes different from Fit crackers. Main point is that they brought small packet size 65-gram n price 15 Tk. Therefore, FnF crackers have a strong chance to compete. Page No. 08 Source Prothom Alo News Paper Bangladesh, 22 November 2012, Front Page. SWOT Analysis Strengths * Completely new Segment. * Taste is good. * Consumer perception is good. * Reasonable price than other product Weaknesses * Low market share. privation of brand awareness. * Lack of variety. * Lack of product size differentiation. Threats * Competitors have variety. * Competitor has different product s ize. * Lack of promotion. Opportunities * Fast market expansion. * Younger as an influence. * Innovative Promotions. * Good Brand name. Ad Analysis As Fit crackers is a biscuit targeted towards the young generation who are always in a hurry and dont get enough nutrition, the Tvc and Newspaper Ad of this product also generate the intension to grab that particular target markets attention.Lots of colors have been used with a humorous story. Source Prothom Alo Newspaper, Bangladesh 17 September, Page 20 Page No. 09 Product Lifecycle A new product progresses through a sequence of stages from product development to introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. This sequence known as the product life cycle and is associated with changes in the marketing situation, thus affecting the marketing strategy and the marketing mix. merchandise LIFE CYCLE FOR FIT CRACKERS, THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS IS THIS PRODUCT IS ON NOW IN MATURITY STAGE(information provided by Pran company) * In mat urity stage one or more competitors can come. And a competitor named FnF Crackers come in market and they offers lower price than fit Crackers. * Fit crackers features enhanced to differentiate the product from that of competitors. Page No. 10 Conclusion Page No. 11 From the overall point of view we can conclude that Pran is a good company which has great value in the market which come up Fit crackers with successive strategy which has great demand in the market when competitors were absent in the market.Now markets are flourished with new product with variety according to consumer choice. One of the competitive products of Fit Crackers is FnF Crackers of Danish Group come up with variety with good price. But one thing Fnf Crackers not have which is brand name but Pran has so still have chance of fit crackers to regain his position in the market if they come up with new variety of product of Fit Crackers with variety taste which should superior than other. To draw attention of consu mer Pran have to promote its product more and more by Tv, Magazine, Radio, Newspaper etc. Thank You

Bank of Canada Monetary Policy

On the contrary to the policies of the United States, material about(predicate) Canadas financial policy was easily accessible on the Bank of Canada website, straight-forward and easy to understand. Its clear that their target audience is the average Canadian citizen. They didnt yield the run-around so- to- speak, of what their main objectives are, and much of it was watered down so that anyone could comprehend it.The Bank focuses on keeping puffiness low, stable and predictable in order to get ahead long-term investments for citizens to contribute to lasting scotch growth, the creation of jobs and increased productivity which will ultimately improve standard of living. This strategy is encompassed by the inflation reassure target that was adopted by the Bank of Canada in 1991, which sets a control range of 1-3 percent, ideally with a 2 percent midpoint.And, looking at historical statistics since its inception, the Bank has been able to maintain this control effectively. For example, inflation rate for 1Q 2013 was 1. 3%. According to the Bank, this financial policy is implemented by influencing short-term interest order which is done by raising or lowering the target for the everywherenight rate. In the end, a reduction in the policy rate, or easing of monetary policy, can be expected to boost total ask for Canadian goods and services, and vice versa.In addition to this, a nonher goal for the Bank is maintaining flexible metamorphose rates which they consider best suited for achieving their inflation target. The floating Canadian dollar provides an exchange rate buffer which allows the rescue to absorb and adjust to economic shocks it may encounter. Though additional factors like exchange rates and unemployment seem to be important to policy makers, they are not focused on as intently as inflation and little information is available in regard to them.Their thinking is that monetary policy cannot have a systematic and sustained effect on any new (prenominal) variable, thus making it senseless to adopt any other long-term targets. It seems apparent that the Canadian policy strives to stay put forward looking in a sense. The Bank places much of its emphasis on long-lasting shocks to the economy, rather than those believed to be short lived. By attempting to keep inflation close to their target, they consider themselves better able to respond to changes in the economic environment in such a way to avoid situations of excess demand or upply. Thus, pressures of inflation rising or falling are kept to a minimum. Theres much argument surrounding whether or not Canadas policy is really that good or if they have just been lucky over the years. Volatility has increased in the Canadian economy over the years, however, they believe that their exceptional economic performance was the result of an even greater improvement in monetary policy and the policy offset the volatile environment, resulting in greater macroeconomic performance.It s especially important to the Bank to remain credible to the Canadian people by being open and clear about their policy choices. They feel that this credibility keeps expectations to preserve future inflation close to the target and this anchors them to ensure that it happens. Even though Canadas approach to communicating its monetary policy is much different than that of the United States, one could argue that they may be putting blinders on their citizens, to avoid poor performance in other areas.Is their layman, tunnel vision approach regarding inflation control diverting the public from questioning whether or not it the best framework to utilize to drive the economy in a positive direction? The Canadian economy is still struggling to recover from the Great Recession and is trying to find ways in order to avoid the zero lower bound issue, but they put little importance communicating on how they are going to do so with the public.

Chastity and absolute loyalty Essay

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What Makes a Credible Documentary

A objective is successful when it is able to combine both the appearance of historically accurate elements and present believable situations through a sham lens, leading the audience to question the reality of what they are seeing. The genre of documental aims to present a convincing story through the use of credible documentary tactics to portray a fictional documentary. Every documentary depends on its viewers believing its premise. The illusion of believability is most often all confirm or destroyed by the credits.Frequently the audience first learns the people on the screen were actors, and that they have fallen prey to the thick veil of believability that documentary films are so able to portray. To capture the audiences trust directors of documentary films apply many of the tactics and conventions documentaries serve to leave the audience questioning the reality and believability of what they view in the theatre and at home. Documentaries inspire an awareness of being that one has not previously experienced.The film urges the spectator to reevaluate not barely ones breadth of knowledge but also puts forward the message that the documentary is actually made to talk about and the real truth from a someone who is not involved with the message. Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt, in one fashion or another, to document reality. Although documentary film originally referred to movies shot on film stock, it has subsequently expanded to include video and digital productions that can be either direct-to-video or made for a television series.Documentary, as it applies here, works to identify a filmmaking practice, a cinematic tradition, and mode of audience reception that is continually evolving and is without pass off boundaries. The nature of documentary films has changed in the past 20 years from the cinema verity tradition. Landmark films such as The Thin Blue Line by Errol Morris incorporated stylized re-enactments, and Michael Moores Roger and Me placed far to a greater extent interpretive control with the director.Indeed, the commercial success of these documentaries may derive from this narrative shift in the documentary form, leading some critics to question whether such films can truly be called documentaries critics sometimes refer to these works as mondo films or docu-ganda. However, directorial manipulation of documentary subjects has been noteworthy since the work of Flaherty, and may be endemic to the form. The recent success of the documentary genre, and the advent of DVDs, has made documentaries financially viable even without a cinema release.Yet sustenance for documentary film production remains elusive and within the past decade the largest exhibition opportunities have emerged from within the broadcast market, making filmmakers beholden to the tastes and influences of the broadcasters who have become their largest funding source. Modern documentaries have some overlap with television forms, with the development of reality television that occasionally verges on the documentary but more often veers to the fictional or staged.The making-of documentary shows how a movie or a computer game was produced. Usually made for promotional purposes, it is closer to an advertisement than a classic documentary. Modern lightweight digital video cameras and computer-based editing have greatly aided documentary makers, as has the dramatic drop in equipment prices. With more visualization effects and bolder directors on the rise, its future holds a firm ground in context to modern cinema.

Culture and Personality

Personality Boas and Benedict According to Franz Boas, pioneer of Psychological Anthropology or the study of the relationship mingled with polish and personality, personality is obtained thru culture and not biology. His theory called Cultural Relativism gives a comprehensive understanding of the key relationship between culture and personality. Boas student Ruth Benedict expounded the research on the effect of culture to personality through studying cultural various patterns and themes.Although she admitted that the global cultural diffusion has made the cultural patterns of civilized societies are difficult to trace, primitive societies located at the remote areas have preserved their shared out personalities through their values, beliefs and rituals. When Benedict wrote her book Patterns of Culture, she custodytioned her comparison of the cultural patterns of two different northern American Indian groups as well as an Indian group located off-coast of Papua New Guinea.In he r study, she found out that although they are from similar genetic collection, these groups have significant differences in their respective value systems. For instance, one tribes idea of a good man differentiates to that of another. Her book, The Chrysanthemum and the Sword Patterns of Japanese Culture, included a detailed verbal description of Japanese belief and value system as well as a hypothesis on the reason behind the actions of the Japanese during World War II. PERSONALITY MARGARET MEAD Arguably, Margaret Mead was one of the leading anthropologists of the 20th century.Being a student of Boas, Mead extended the schools knowledge in culture and personality as she focussed from the American culture to the whole Western World. She travelled to Samoa and she found out that the societies there have resembling value systems, and thus, they share common personality traits. In the culture of Samoan tribes, it was noted that until individuals reach the advance of 15- 16, when they are to be subjected to marital rituals, they do not have significant roles in terms of amicable life. In fact, children are ignored by their parents and the rest of the society until after they reach puberty.Girls are taught to suppose boys as their enemies. The effect of this portion of the Samoan culture is that children tend to be either aggressive to net income attention, or passive due to the lack of affection and love from their significant others. SEX? DIFFERENCES AND PERSONALITY growing and genetics are believed to have brought about differences in personality traits as determined by the biologic sex of a person. As explained by the Theory of Sexual Selection, males compete to attract females, so men are to a greater extent likely to be aggressive and competitive than women.However, nowadays we may see that more and more women become aggressive in competing against other women for a man. Our culture greatly contributes to the development of our beliefs and values. For this reason, both cultural psychologists and social anthropologists believe that culture affects ones personality. In addition, gender differences also twine the personality traits a person possesses. Read more Does culture affect our personality? Individual Traits and Culture.

Policing Essay

Policing CRJ 201, Section 511 plainspoken Serpico Francesco Vincent Serpico was born on April 14, 1936 in Brooklyn, NY. At the age of 18 Serpico enlisted in the United States army and spent two years in Korea. In 1959 frump Serpico graduated bring the lawfulness academy and was sworn into the New York city Police De theatrical rolement. From the =Beginning of Serpicos career in the NYPD he was military postured with having to defend his integrity to the police force de give outment. While a sonny taking part in field officer training, at that place was a rape in progress turn to move out over the radio.Serpico, wanting to do nothing simply help wanted to take the call though it was out of his sector and against his veteran officers advice. forthright later forced to give up his turn back despite the fact he apprehended the remaining rape suspects on his own. Being a rookie officer go forth him susceptible to officers with seniority easily getting over on him. In 1960 impolite became a patrolman in the 81st precinct. He then worked for the Bureau of Criminal Identification (BCI) before he was assigned to being a plain-c helpinghes officer. This is when Frank Serpicos troubles began and he was exposed to department wide police corruption.Police subculture is defined as shared values and norms and the established patterns of behavior that tend to characterize policing. During Franks time police corruption was decidedly by of police subculture. However it was not apart of Frank Serpicos police subculture. While stationed at the 93rd precinct Serpico was given $300 as a part of the station pay off. Not knowing what to do with the money, and it being his first experience with corruption Frank took the money to his Sargent who in turn pocketed the money for himself.Becoming a snitch is whateverthing frowned upon then and now among civilians and law enforcement when it comes to one of your own. It is especially difficult to be a snitch in the polic e department because there is then no one behind you when in need. Blowing the whistle on fellow officers took a lot of guts and courage, especially when knowing that no one is there to stand behind you, and everyone is against you. On April 25, 1970, a New York Times condition was published by David Burnham that would shake up the entire New York City Police section.With the aid of Frank Serpico and Sargent David Durke, Burnham told the world of the millions of dollars paid to policeman in the New York Police Department by do drugs dealers, gamblers, and crooked businessmen. Frank also straitsed out that despite the obvious corruption both(prenominal) Mayor Lindsays administration, and the police department ignored and failed to look into corruption cases repeatedly brought to their attention. This very article and the now public knowledge and outrage forced Mayor Lindsay to form the KNAPP Commission a five-member embellish whose purpose was to investigate corruption among the police department.Once the New York Times article was published, Frank Serpico was formally deemed a snitch. Subjecting himself to the possibility of extreme danger and violence, either at the hands of his own or by criminals when a lack of police back up and support is available. This possibility of danger became reality on February 3, 1971. While working in the vice division out of Brooklyn North, Serpico and 3 others investigators were working a drug sting. Frank was sent into the building and afterward witnessing the drug buy informed the two other plains habiliments officers of were the suspect apartment was located.Serpico, the only officer that knew how to speak Spanish, was prompted to fake as if he wanted to grease ones palms heroin to gain access into the suspects apartment. Once the dealer cracked the door Frank tried to force his way in, only able to wedge some of his body into the suspects door. Subsequently Serpico was shot at point blank range in his face with a . 22 caliber handgun. Once collapsed on the al-Qaida the remaining two officers stepped over him and proceeded with the drug bust instead of helping, they didnt even care nice to send out a cop shot call over the radio.It was a neighbor sprightliness on the floor of the shooting that called the ambulance and stayed with Serpico until a squad car arrived to escort him to the hospital. Frank Serpico soon after the shooting began to question the circumstances of the shooting, feeling he was set up to be executed. While in recovery at the hospital Serpico was constantly harassed and approach with wishes of death. Frank recovered, losing hearing in his left ear, and in December of 1971 testified in front of the KNAPP Commission. Ultimately Serpico received what he always wanted, a government shield and a promotion to detective.Of course there was no customary ceremony when Frank was awarded detective status, he was called and told to pick his badge up from the office. This was one o f the many things that displayed the distain the department and city officials had for Frank Serpico. In 1972 after receiving a gold metal of honor, Serpico retired from the New York City Police Department and moved to Switzerland, where he stayed for almost a decade. In 1980 Serpico back to New York City and now lives a quiet animation upstate. Frank Serpico was the first and probably most famous New York police officer to report and go as far as to testify on the department wide corruption.He neer gave up, never gave in, and always stayed true and loyal to the oath he took when graduating from the police academy in 1959. Hearing the score of Frank Serpico makes me grateful because I know there are truly honest and loyal individuals that acknowledge jobs in the public service field. People like him played major roles in molding what the police department is today. However I do not think I would thrust followed in Frank Serpicos footsteps to expose the ugly truth of what was go ing on in the police department at the time. Being apart of the police subculture, all you have is each other.Once you put on the changeless and strap on that gun and badge no one can protect you from danger but yourself and your fellow officers. Once those other officers distrust you there is no one to have your back when faced with a criminal with intent to harm you. I would remember that when my shift is over I have to go back to my family, I have to live a life outside of my career as a New York City Police Officer. If I could have found a way to not take the payoffs, still do my job to the best of my ability, and not snitch on my fellow officers, that would definitely be the route in which I would take.Frank Serpico could have easily been killed and I dont think the police department or anything else is more important then my life and the lives of my family. I do respect everything that Frank Serpico did. His integrity and courageousness was unprecedented. Without him the poli ce department that my friends, loved ones, and I interact with insouciant could very well be much different and much worst. All Frank Serpico wanted to do was be a good, moral person and an honest police officer.He nicely summed up some of his feelings while in front of the KNAPP Commission by saying, Through my appearance here today I hope that police officers in the future will not experience the same frustration and care that I was subjected to for the past five years at the hands of my superiors because of my attempt to report corruption We constitute an atmosphere in which the honest officer solicitudes the dishonest officer, and not the other way around The problem is that the atmosphere does not yet exist in which honest police officers can act without fear of ridicule or reprisal from fellow officers.