The Benefits of Vaccinations Essay - 1148 Words

Introduction Vaccines against diphtheria, polio, pertussis, measles, mumps and rubella, and more recent additions of hepatitis B and chicken pox, have given humans powerful immune guards to ward off unwelcome sickness. And thanks to state laws that require vaccinations for kids enrolling in kindergarten, the U.S. presently enjoys the highest immunization rate ever at 77%. Yet bubbling beneath these national numbers is the question about vaccine safety. Driven by claims that vaccinations can be associated with autism, increasing number of parents are raising questions about whether vaccines are in fact harmful to children, instead of helpful (Park, 2008). Positives for Vaccinations For many years before the development of vaccines,†¦show more content†¦Negatives for Vaccinations More than any other matter, the question of autism has stirred the battle over vaccines. Since the 1980’s, the quantity of vaccinations that children get has doubled, and in that same time, autism diagnoses have tripled. In 1998, Dr. Andrew Wakefield, a British gastroenterologist of Londons Royal Free Hospital published a paper in the journal the Lancet in which he stated the results of a study that he did. The study consisted of a dozen young patients who were suffering from both autism-like developmental disorders and intestinal symptoms that included inflammation, pain and bloating. Eight of the kids started showing signs of autism days after getting the MMR vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella. While Wakefield and his co-researchers were cautious not to propose that these cases established a link between vaccines and autism, they did imply, that exposure to the measles virus could be a causal factor to the childrens autism. Wakefield later went on to conjecture that virus from the vaccine led to swelling in the abdomen that affected the brain growth of the children (Park, 2008). This study among others has lead parents to begin to question whether they should immunize their children or not. There are many people who feel that the immunizations do more harm than they do good. These same people believe that the diseases for which vaccinations are given are not something that they have to worryShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Vaccinations For Vaccinations1793 Words   |  8 Pages Benefits of vaccinations The debate over vaccinations has been a prevalent one throughout the course of medical history. A vaccination is â€Å"the injection of a killed or weakened organism that produces immunity in the body against that organism† (vaccines.gov). Vaccines are designed to provide immunization to certain illnesses. People of all ages are encouraged to get vaccinations not only to protect themselves but also for the safety of the public. Most children in the United States are given vaccinationsRead MoreThe Benefits Of Vaccination772 Words   |  4 Pageshealth benefits of vaccination according to World Health Organization (2008). First, the main goal of immunization is to eradicate illness. So far smallpox is the only one that is eradicated. According to World Health Organization next goal is to eradicate polio (Andre, Booy, Bock, Clemens, Datta, John, Lee Lolekha, 2008). Secondly, eradicating a disease locally without the eliminating it worldwide. For it happen, the immunization of 95% of population must be done with a two-dose vaccination programRead MoreBenefits Of Vaccination1438 Words   |  6 PagesWhy should we get vaccinated? What are the benefits? Do vaccinations even work? Many people in America are/have been questioning if they even need to get vaccinated. In fact, Between 2006 and 2013, the percentage of pediatricians who had encountered a parent refusing a vaccine went from about 75 percent to 87 percent. (Greenberg) There are many reaso ns why people refuse to get vaccinated, three of the major reasons is for religious purposes, they are unnecessary and that they have a negative effectRead MoreBenefits Of Vaccination933 Words   |  4 PagesA Vaccine Indicator Reminder device has been developed to monitor how much is left for the next vaccination. The wearable device is newborn babies that can be activated by pressing the VIR’s face with a finger. The device operates using predictable chemical processes, processes that rely on food dye, to keep the baby safe from adverse effects and failure of electronics. Vaccination is very important for babies and children. Immunizing your children can protect them from various diseases. Some deadlyRead MoreVaccinations Benefits Of The United States1514 Words   |  7 Pages Vaccinations Benefits Daniel ESL 100 Advanced Academic Writing Instructor Ishida 16 December 2015 Abstract With a development of media and technological ways of social communication, is it vital to trust information from the reliable sources. Many people who do not trust or not satisfied with the quality of medicine, and usually quest the material from unreliable sources. Therefore, matter of reliability of immunization is still a huge topic for debate. For example, people sometimesRead MoreSome of the Benefits of Vaccination Essays1307 Words   |  6 Pages The Benefits of Vaccination Vaccinations are one of the single most important things one can do for the health of their children. Although, it has been a subject of recent controversy, the benefits of being vaccinated far outweigh not being vaccinated. Instead of taking medical advice from an actress, or buying into the conspiracy theories that suggest the government is using immunizations in an attempt to poison the population, parents need to spend a little time doing some research on the matterRead MoreEssay on Vaccinations: a Clear Benefit2006 Words   |  9 PagesVaccinations: A Clear Benefit By: Julie Roberts June 19, 2005 Vaccination: A Clear Benefit A clear definition of a vaccination is, the generic term for immunization procedures. Immunization is a procedure whereby living or nonliving materials are introduced into the bodyÂ…: (Nosal, 1999) The concept that people who survive an infectious disease do not get the same disease again is the basis for the administering of vaccinations. Vaccines are normally given to healthy individuals forRead More Vaccinations: A Clear Benefit Essay1973 Words   |  8 PagesA clear definition of a vaccination is, â€Å"the generic term for immunization procedures. Immunization is a procedure whereby living or nonliving materials are introduced into the body†¦:† (Nosal, 1999) The concept that people who survive an infectious disease do not get the same disease again is the basis for the administering of vaccinations. Vaccines are normally given to healthy individuals for the prevention of diseases. Vaccines work by using a human host to provide a stimulus to the immune syste mRead MoreVaccinations And Its Effects On Children990 Words   |  4 PagesVaccinations are a preparation given to patients that provides acquired immunity to a specific disease. They contain either a live, weakened part or an inactive form created from a dead version of the viruses, causing the body to produce antibodies that will attack the virus if the body later comes into contact with the disease. A person can reduce the severity or eliminate the contraction of the disease completely. However, vaccinations have become a controversial topic and parts of the populationRead MoreVaccinations And Its Effects On Children979 Words   |  4 PagesVaccinations are a substance given to patients that provides acquired immunity to a specific disease. They contain either a live weakened part of the virus or an inactive form created from a dead version of the viruses, causing the body to produce antibodies that will attack the virus if the body later comes into contact with the disease. Th us, a person can reduce the severity of the disease or eliminate the contraction of the disease completely. However, vaccinations have become a controversial

The Effects Of Climate Change On Daily Life And Eco System

Climate change is a change in distribution of weather patterns in the periods of time that range from millions to years. There are number of factor that cause the climate to changeover the time. The purpose of this essay is to highlight the factors that cause climate change. It also presents the effects of fossil fuel on climate change. Moreover, it discusses the impacts of climate change on daily life and eco system. 2 Climate Change Climate change can be a modification within the organization of weather patterns once that change lasts for an extended amount of your time. Climate modification might occur with a change in average climate, or within the time variation of weather around longer-term average conditions. Climate change is caused by factors like organic phenomenon processes variations in radiation received by earth, morphology, and volcanic eruptions. Some human activities have additionally been known as important causes of recent global climate, typically brought up as global warming. Temperature and dust can also force the climate to change over longer periods of time by blocking the sunlight availability to certain region and thus causing change in temperature. Carbon dioxide is also a great contributor to the climate change as is discussed in later sections, in connection to greenhouse effect and fossil fuels (Wikipedia, 2015). 3 Factors of Climate Change The climate change is caused by the following factors; 3.1 Green HouseShow MoreRelatedHuman And Natural Drivers Of Climate Change1732 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Change in relation to Architecture Tallis Holloway - s5015034 There are many human and natural drivers of climate change, cities and buildings in particular are increasingly affected by risks linked to rapid environmental changes and their impact themselves on the atmosphere however architect s can help limit many contributing factors. This paper examines the role of this profession, architecture s contribution to climate change mitigation/adaption and how architect s can assist in limitingRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Environment Essay1585 Words   |  7 Pagesacidification caused by carbon dioxide and water temperature are threatening 75 percent of the world’s coral reefs since the changes of water’s features make they unable to absorb calcium carbonate which makes up their shells. Moreover, climate change not only challenges scientists and climatologists, but also puts a big pressure on economists, sociologists and politics. The changes in climate can shift crop patterns. Additionally, extreme and fluctuated weathers such as droughts, floods, and heavy downpoursRead MoreThe Viable And Authorization Of Life Cycle Based Product Environmental Impacts1393 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract This paper discusses the use and importance of EPDs in the viable and authorization of life cycle-based product environmental impacts. The role and purpose of EPDs, market acceptance of EPD schemes, costs of EPDs to start using this information tool. It also concludes with a look at potential developments regarding the use of EPDs in support of product environmental claims. Finally, manufacturers who use EPDs help to create a greater public awareness of the environmental impact aspects ofRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1432 Words   |  6 Pageseven the mass production of our products has an effect on climate change and contributes to global warming. Yet people tend to turn a blind eye to global warming and label it as a myth, whether they do not believe in it or it is not in their best financial interest to believe in it. Let us take a closer look at global warming and the effects it has on our people, homes and environments. Global Warming has become a rising problem in our world’s climate. It’s time we show the initiative to understandRead MoreThe Health Of Our Oceans1291 Words   |  6 Pageswarming, and climate changes; different types of pollution and the effects they have on marine life as well as life on land, including our own. My position is that without a healthy eco-system, which starts with the ocean, all life will eventually become extinct. People who live upon the coastline are not the only ones affected by ocean pollution, every single person on the globe is. We need our oceans for the resources they provide whether it is food or oxygen; our oceans regulate climate and weatherRead MoreThe Role Of Energy Development Sustainable Development Goals Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagesmeet their own needs† (Brundtland report, 1987). This really emphasizes on the needs and the idea of limitations often related to the world’s poor on how to bridge the gap of needs and the environment (including climate) now and the future. Basically, it elaborates on the equality of the life between the rich and the poor (that is, how the poor can be on par with the rich) in terms of standard of living. Also, it draws attention to the use of green technologies in order to build a better and brighterRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warning On The World1208 Words   |  5 PagesIn truth before taking this class I never really cared a bout the environment, sure I would hear the occasional uproar about the effects of global warning or the growing hole in the ozone layer, however, it was always a non-factor. My passion has always been humans, their problems were my problems and I am always looking for a way to make their lives better. So, the planet may have been dying the ice caps may have been melting however I always believed that one day humans would solve the problemsRead Moreinvestigatory project3613 Words   |  15 PagesImprovised Eco- Friendly Evaporative Air Cooler An Investigatory Project To Division Science and Technology Fair September 22, 2012 Prepared by: Jay Warren S. Cabrera Judy Ann D. Fajiculay Queenie Ann S. Gutierrez September 2012 San Isidro National High School Lipa City Acknowledgement We would like to extend our profound gratitude to the following who helped us make this investigatory project possible. To our beloved principal, Mrs. Evangeline B. Escabel for believingRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The World1240 Words   |  5 PagesIn truth, before taking this class I never really cared about the environment, sure I would hear the occasional uproar about the effects of global warming or the growing hole in the ozone layer, however, it was always a non-factor. My passion has always been humans, their problems were my problems and I am always looking for a way to make their lives better. So, the planet may have been dying the ice caps may have been melting, however I always believed that one day humans would solve the problemsRead MoreThe Municipal Water And Water Quality1534 Words   |  7 PagesCanada. Although there is a common perception that Canada has the second water quality and water quantity in the world, Canadians are among the highest water user per capital by comparing with other countries. Furthermore, clean water is essential to life and our health, so fede ral government plays an important role to make sure our water suppliers are safe in Canada. Keywords: water quality, influencing factors, health, government intervention Water is used in all sectors of a society:

A Raisin In The Sun Analysis Essay Example For Students

A Raisin In The Sun Analysis Essay Outline1 Introduction2 The Dreams of Black People3 The Conflict of Lofty Dreams4 Dreaming through the eyes of everyone.5 Conclusion Introduction A Raisin in the Sun reveals that the story is about The Youngers, a black American family. The head of this family, Mr. Younger has died and the insurance money of 10,000 USD is due to his family. The comparative characters analysis in research papers of each persona shows that they have their dreams which they intend to realize and do not share each other’s dreams. Thus, they are divided on how the money should be spent. The dream of Mama is to build a house, that of Walter is to invest into a liquor company and the Beneathea’s is to invest in her medical education while she also harbors dreams of finding her identity in Africa. The dream of Walters wife is the same as the dream of Mama which is to ensure they have a more comfortable habitation. The Dreams of Black People Beneatha Younger was a loud, intelligent, and fresh-mouthed woman, her dream was to be a doctor and to somehow raise her people up. When Mama set aside the money for Beneathas education, Beneatha believed that her dream would be realized. When the money was discovered to be lost, she thought her dream blew up in smoke. This dream wasnt the quest that she was intended to do though, her quest was to find her African side and to connect with it. Beneatha started to fulfill this by talking to Asagai (a man from Africa). She told him, Mr. Asagai-I want every much to talk with you. About Africa. You see, Mr. Aasagai, I am looking for my identity. Asagai became a link to Africa for Beneatha, a guide to her ancestry/roots. In Act II, Beneatha shows how she has connected with her African roots by doing a ceremonial dance and by cutting her hair so that it would natural. In Act III, Beneatha has the opportunity to connect more with her roots when Asagai proposes to her. He wants her to go with him back to Africa so that she can practice medicine over there. This would be the fulfillment of Beneathas quest, not only does she bring out her African culture, but she also will go back and live it. Beneatha also brought out the African in other people as well. When Walter walked in drunk, he began to express himself as he looks back to the past. Walter had his own quests as well. Walter was a very important character in this book, he had some of the biggest dreams and the most ambition to fulfill those. Walters dream was to have an office and to be successful. He wanted to have a gardener and he wanted to be able to send his son to any school that he wanted. Walters quest was to be a man, a man can be trusted and a man who stands up in the face of adversity. At the end of Act II Scene I, Walter tells Mama, What you need me to say you done right for? You the head of this family. Walter wont grow up until he has the responsibilty of being head of the family, but Mama does entrust this to him later. It aint much, but its all I got in the world and Im putting it in your hands. Im telling you to be the head of this family fro now on like you supposed to be, Mama told Walter in Act II Scene II. This was the turning point for Walter, now Walter was entrusted to make the decisions for the family. His manhood was also put down though, especially after he lost the mone y. That is not a man. That is nothing but a toothless rat. Beneatha said this after Walter lost the money, but this also stripped Walters new manhood away. It wasnt even developed and it was already gone. Walters quest was fulfilled though, at the end of Act III he stood his ground against Mr. Lindner and decided to move. Mama said, He finally come into his manhood today, didnt he? Kind of like a rainbow after the rain. Walter found his backbone and became a man, part of Mamas quest. Students and School Uniforms EssayMamas dream was to have a house of her own with a little garden for flowers. She was the matriarch of the family, after her husband died she was the one who had to look after the well being of the family. It was Mamas job to make the decisions and to make sure that everyone grew up correctly. Mamas quest was to pass on the job of head of the family on to Walter and to make sure that he was ready for it. When Mama entrusted the money to Walter, she gave him the power to make the decisions for the family. This was half of her quest, the other half was fulfilled when Walter became a man and decided to move to Clybourne Park. Clybourne Park was a white neighborhood but it was the most affordable for the family. Mama had used $3,500 for a down payment on the house, but when Walter lost the money the thought of moving was questionable. It was Walters decision to move or not, and he did. He crossed into manhood at that point, thus fulfilling the rest of M amas quest. These characters all had various quests/goals that were totally different from their dreams. These quests were fulfilled or were close to being fulfilled at the end of Act III. Beneathas dream was to become a doctor but her quest was to get in touch with her African roots. At the end of the book she had made her hair natural, performed a ceremonial dance, and was offered the chance to go to Africa and practice medicine there. Walters dream was to be successful but his quest was to be a man, head of the household. He became head of the household when Mama gave it to him and he truly became a man when he stood his ground and decided to move to Clybourne Park. Mamas dream was to own a house with a graden but her quest was to pass the role of head of the family to Walter and to make sure he became a man. Mama passed the role when she gave him the money and at the end of Act III she was pushing Walter to make the right decision. Each of these characters had a dream, but they also had a qu est to fulfill a road to travel. The dreams may have been deferred, but the quests were the things that really mattered.

Oregon Sales Tax Debate Essay Sample free essay sample

The argument on Oregon gross revenues revenue enhancement is economically cardinal in specifying the range of its economic position. However. like any other economic system. Oregon gross revenues revenue enhancement provides a tool for the authorities income every bit good as act uponing the range of net incomes by the manufacturers and Sellerss of the economic end products. Basically. the state went into an economic recession in the twelvemonth 2001. Due to the consequence of the same economic recession. the current argument is to supply evidences with which taxpayers would be returned their extra gross through revenue enhancement discounts as per the 1979 jurisprudence. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. gtconnect. com/articles/2006/03/02/news/oregon/thuore00. txt ) Gross saless revenue enhancements are of import beginnings of authorities income for the state since its 2001 recession. Through the legislative argument which seeks to supply a sum of $ 650 million as revenue enhancement discounts to the assorted taxpayers of single every bit good as corporate capacity. We will write a custom essay sample on Oregon Sales Tax Debate Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Economically. the revenue enhancement argument provides constructions for assorted economic deductions. At one degree. since the economic system is at recession. revenue enhancement rebates bases in being a possible attack with which the state can resuscitate its economic system. The argument is allied to supplying revenue enhancement discounts to the corporations and persons each of which provides constituents of gross revenues revenue enhancement through trade good ingestion ( single degree ) and production ( corporate degree ) . This is an of import tool if the enlargement of the Oregon economic system is neer to be compromised. Through such discounts. the cost of production for the corporations through the diverse array of resource inputs is reduced. This is done constructions that help to redefine the mode with which the cost of production can be safeguarded to being at the most appropriate degree. Elsewhere. revenue enhancement discounts to the single individuals would assist to increase their income as the providers of the resource inputs through employment to the corporations and as consumers of the corporate end product. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. gtconnect. com/articles/2006/03/02/news/oregon/thuore00. txt ) With deduction of economic recession. the Oregon economic system can merely be sustained and brought to growing and development through expansionary economic factors both in footings of pecuniary and financial policy tools. Through revenue enhancement discounts by the authorities. this is a tool for authorities disbursement in the economic system which helps to increase the income and money supply in the economic system. Since the stableness of the economic system is defined by the stableness of the round flow of income in the economic system. revenue enhancement discount would possibly be a benchmark for supplying support for adequate and optimum activity for economic growing and development. ( Arkelof. 2003. 1 ) Though the deduction of the revenue enhancement discount would be dearly-won in the short tally to the authorities which is even confronting shortages in its income capacity. the long tally position in the economic system is a position which helps to make economic efficiency. By and large. since revenue enhancement discount on sale revenue enhancement is authorities disbursement. the supply of money within the economic system would therefore grow in correspondence to the ratio of the authorities disbursement multiplier consequence. This would connote a greater range in its economic map. The short tally deduction of such gross revenues revenue enhancement discounts would hence be immense revenue enhancement influx from the gross revenues revenue enhancement remunerators when the economic activity of production and purchase of resource inputs is positively motivated. By and large. the future strength of higher gross revenues revenue enhancement can merely be provided by constructions t hat promote higher production and ingestion in the aggregative demand and supply. Such discounts provide strength for the round flow of income between the authorities. the families and the concern corporations. ( Britton. 2002. 1 ) Ideally. the consequence of higher gross revenues revenue enhancement to the state under the effects of recession can merely be developed through expansionary financial policy which can be achieved through decreased corporate gross revenues revenue enhancements and increased authorities disbursement. Through lower gross revenues revenue enhancements. this is a decrease in the cost of production for the corporations which would therefore assist to construct its productive capacity hence higher aggregative supply and aggregative demand. Elsewhere. through discount ( authorities disbursement ) . the economic system is supplied with higher consequence of economic threshold which increases the demand every bit good as the supply of trade goods. The long tally deduction of lower revenue enhancement and higher authorities disbursement in Oregon would be higher authorities gross through higher revenue enhancement grosss from the hereafter developed position of the state. Work cited. Arkelof. G. ( 2003 )Behavioral Macroeconomics and MacroeconomicBehavior. American Economist. vol. 47. Britton. A. ( 2002 )Macroeconomicss and History. Natural Institute Economic Review. 2002. Corvallis Gazette Times. Archived Articles. Retrieved on 18ThursdayMarch 2008 from. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. gtconnect. com/articles/2006/03/02/news/oregon/thuore00. txt

An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge

An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge At the beginning of "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge," we see a man standing over a bridge with a noose about his neck, as his execution is about to happen. The man has a thought before he is to be thrown over the side, and that is "If I could free my hands," from which an entire story develops. He sees himself escaping after the rope snaps and swimming in the creek while dodging shots from Union soldiers making his way home. At the moment of his arrival, his neck snaps for us to discover that he never left the bridge, and that all that had happened was in his mind in the instant that he was falling off the bridge to his death.The illusion of his mind is difficult to go through, but upon closer inspection, we see the little expression of reality on this alternate reality that Farquhar is experiencing.No mind games committeeAs he frees his hands, he gives reference to his own "superhuman strength." He also begins to note his surroundings with an ability that no human being can posse ss, as he can now see the "veining of each leaf - the very insects upon them," as his mind attempts to assure him that he is truly alive and experiencing these things around him.The entire story could not have taken place were the point of view from a source, other than one that could see into Peyton Farquhar's mind. Were it could be taken from anyone else, they would simply have seen him standing at the edge of the bridge, get thrown over, and his neck snap. But in taking you into the mind of the main character, we are unable to expect the ending that we as readers receive, because...

U.S. government policies on economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

U.S. government policies on economy - Essay Example Student loans Student loans in America are a form of financial assistance that are supposed to be refunded, converse to other forms of financial assistance, for example, grants and loans. Student loans play an extremely significant role in the higher education of America. Approximately 20 million American citizens go to college every year. In America, a large part of higher education is financed by learners and their families and is perceived to be a venture instead of a basic human liberty. Consequently, students usually graduate with augmented debt levels. Also, student loans are divided into private student loans and federal loans (Wear Simmons, 2008). The Survey of Consumer Finances, 2010, indicates that 45% of all households have significant student-loan debts. This has a negative impact on the economy and productivity. Student loans have diminished the quality of my life. If I successfully meet the debt to income ratio, I may not have the capacity to reserve sufficient funds fo r a deposit. The Center for Responsible Lending estimates that average-income households take approximately 20 years to make sufficient savings for a 10% down payment. I may also take longer to save for a down payment due to additional financial requirements. There are a number of recommendations to address this issue. One is promote extensive adoption of the college scorecard by postsecondary-education institutes. Another recommendation is to establish a properly designed refunding program for students who borrow loans. It is also imperative to incorporate private student loans under bankruptcy protection. Free Trade Free trade is a policy by which the administration does not interfere with exports or discriminate against imports by enforcing subsidies to exports or tariffs to imports or quotas. In the view of comparative advantage, free trade policy allows trading partners equal advantages from trade of services and goods. Free trade has governed prices which are as a consequence of government intervention in the economy through supply restraints or price adjustments (Pugel, 2007). Free trade has improved the quality of my life. For instance, if tariffs on imported sugar are reduced in America, the American manufacturers will receive lower prices and profits while I and other consumers will spend less for an identical amount of sugar due to the similar decreased prices. It also avails numerous items with relative ease. Recommendations include developing additional programs, for example, the trade Adjustment Assistance program which assists those who lose their manufacturing positions due to foreign imports. Nations with dissimilar advantages should be permitted to capitalize on their differences and trade. Research and Development Industry finances two-thirds of America’s research and development. Nonetheless, significant researches are performed by research universities. The federal government developed the foundation for the Nation’s land gra nt institution through the Morrill Acts 4. The federal government support for research and development has developed into a changing and complex web. This has impacted the investment patterns, the economy, and productivity of America (National Science Board, 2008). Research and development has enhanced the quality of life. The fast change has helped me monitor and understand the position of the country in research and development competitiveness. It has also helped me to discover what essential information may be lacking that would give correct examination of the country’

The Jurisdiction and National Security Policy Assignment

The Jurisdiction and National Security Policy - Assignment Example With limited types of cases that it can hear, The Federal Court hears cases that involve the United States as a party. The jurisdiction of the Federal Court System also includes cases that violate the U.S Constitution or general federal laws. Some of these laws are on copyright, patent, bankruptcy and maritime law cases. Another area of difference with the jurisdiction of State of California and the Federal Court System is that whereas the State of California Court System is not mandated to hear cases in which one or both parties live outside California, the Federal Court System is allowed to hear cases between citizens of different States, especially with the amount in contention exceeds $75,000. Finally, there are instances where both the State and Federal Courts have jurisdiction. It is the case, the parties involved choosing which of the two courts they would want to use. 2. Explain what national security policy is and identify the key policy-making actors in U.S foreign policy T he National Security Policy is a guiding principle of strategic national security plan prepared on a periodic basis by the executive arm of the United States Government. The policy is made up of major national security issues and ways by which the Administration plans to handle them. Though prepared by the Executive Arm of government, the National Security Policy is prepared for Congress.